Toothache experiences: findings from 21 years longitudinal survey

Aim: To describe the pattern of toothache experience in a cohort of children aged 2-5 over 21 years and to find the relationship between previous toothache experience and later reports of toothache to get finding on the most critical period of toothache as a problem in life. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). A total of 1,927 children from IFLS-1 with complete data were included as baseline participants. They were followed up four times within 21 years (age 6-9y, age 9-12y, age 16-19y, age 23- 26y). Toothache was based on the question of self-reported toothache experience during the last four weeks. After 21 years, a total of 1,098 individuals could be traced and completed every cohort of the survey. Toothache experiences were reported for frequencies in every cohort and accumulative experiences over 21 years. Logistic regression tests were performed to analyze the association of previous toothache experience and later toothache experience. Results: Almost 40% of the respondents reported toothache at least once in their life. The age of 6-9 years is the period when a high percentage of children had teeth-related pain. The experience of toothache at this period was significantly related to every period of age in life. Conclusions: The period of early mixed dentition is important. Oral health status in this period is associated with future oral health. A comprehensive dental health prevention program targeting this population is essential to increase the quality of life

The influence of protective psychosocial factors on the incidence of dental pain / A influência de fatores psicossociais protetores sobre a incidência de dor dentária

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of protective psychosocial factors on the incidence of dental pain in the last six months among 12-year-old children living in Manaus (AM). METHODS A prospective school-based cohort study was conducted with 210 12-year-old students enrolled in public schools in the eastern zone of Manaus (AM). Students were followed up for two years. Validated questionnaires were used to assess sociodemographic characteristics, protective psychosocial factors, including sense of coherence, social support, and self-esteem at baseline and after two years. Calibrated examiners clinically assessed dental caries and gingival bleeding. Multivariate multilevel Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) between the changes on psychosocial factors scores and incidence of dental pain, adjusted for psychosocial factors scores at baseline, dental health insurance, frequency of tooth brushing, and dental caries. RESULTS Mean scores for sense of coherence and social support reduced significantly from baseline to 2-year follow-up. The incidence of dental pain along the two-year follow-up was 28.6%. The risk of dental pain was 14% higher for every 10 points in the mean reduction of sense of coherence score (RR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.02-1.20), and 6% higher for every 10 points of the mean reduction in social support score (RR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.01-1.11). Change on self-esteem was not associated with risk of dental pain. CONCLUSION Change on sense of coherence and social support over the two-year period influenced the incidence of dental pain among children, suggesting that protective psychosocial factors, health behaviours, dental health insurance, and clinical oral condition have an important role in the incidence of dental pain.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a influência de fatores psicossociais protetores sobre a incidência de dor dentária nos últimos seis meses em crianças de 12 anos residentes em Manaus (AM). MÉTODOS Um estudo de coorte prospectivo de base escolar foi realizado com 210 alunos de 12 anos, matriculados em escolas públicas da zona leste de Manaus (AM) que foram acompanhados por dois anos. Questionários validados foram usados para avaliar características sociodemográficas, fatores psicossociais protetores, incluindo senso de coerência, apoio social e autoestima na linha de base e após dois anos. Examinadores calibrados avaliaram clinicamente cárie dentária e sangramento gengival. Regressão de Poisson multinível multivariada foi usada para estimar o risco relativo (RR) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) entre a variação dos escores dos fatores psicossociais e a incidência de dor dentária, ajustada para os escores dos fatores psicossociais na linha de base, plano de saúde odontológico, frequência de escovação dentária e cárie dentária. RESULTADOS As médias dos escores do senso de coerência e do apoio social reduziram significativamente entre linha de base e seguimento de dois anos. A incidência de dor dentária no seguimento de dois anos foi 28,6%. O risco de dor dentária foi 14% maior para cada 10 pontos na redução média do escore do senso de coerência (RR = 1,14; IC95% 1,02-1,20), e 6% maior para cada 10 pontos na redução média do escore do apoio social (RR = 1,06; IC95% 1,01-1,11). A mudança na autoestima não foi associada ao risco de dor dentária. CONCLUSÃO A variação do senso de coerência e do apoio social no período de dois anos influenciou a incidência de dor dentária em crianças, sugerindo que fatores psicossociais protetores, comportamentos em saúde, plano odontológico e a condição clínica bucal desempenham um papel importante na incidência da dor dentária.

Necesidad y tratamiento en la población infantil y juvenil durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Needs and treatment in children and youths population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivos: analizar y describir los requerimientos de atención quirúrgica y no quirúrgica de urgencia en la población infantil y juvenil en un servicio de urgencias de Argentina durante el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de análisis retrospectivo durante el período inicial de 93 días de ASPO, comprendido entre 20 de marzo de 2020 hasta el 20 de junio de 2020. Se registraron los pacientes menores de 17 años que acudieron al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Odontológico de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y se caracterizó aquellos que requerían distintos tipos de tratamientos. Resultados: se atendieron 4654 pacientes durante el periodo estudiado, de los cuales 116 eran menores de 17 años. Se realizaron 142 prestaciones. A 63 piezas dentarias se les realizó la exodoncia. A otras 63, algún tipo de tratamiento endodóntico. 11 piezas requirieron de restauraciones directas, y en 5 se realizaron otros tipos de tratamientos. Conclusión: fue importante la presencia de recurso humano calificado en el área de la cirugía bucal y pediátrica en los servicios de guardia, considerando el incremento sustancial de necesidad de tratamiento suscitado durante el ASPO (AU)

Objective: to analyse and describe the requirements for emergency surgical and non-surgical care in the paediatric population in an emergency department in Argentina during Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation. Materials and Methods: an observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted during the initial period of 93 days of Preventive and Mandatory Social Isolation, from March 20, 2020 to June 20, 2020. Patients under 17 years of age who attended the emergency department of the Dental Hospital of the University of Buenos Aires were registered and those requiring different types of treatment were characterised. Results: 4654 patients were seen during the period studied, 116 of whom were under 17 years of age. A total of 142 services were performed. Sixty-three teeth were exodontically extracted. A further 63 underwent some form of endodontic treatment. 11 teeth required direct restorations and 5 required other types of treatment. Conclusion: the presence of qualified human resources in oral and paediatric surgery in the on-call services was important, considering the substantial increase in the need for treatment during the ASPO (AU)

Associação entre problemas para dormir e condições orais em escolares / Association between trouble sleeping and oral conditions among schoolchildren

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems and its association with oral conditions in schoolchildren. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of 1,589 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years enrolled in public schools from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Non-clinical data included a questionnaire about socioeconomic indicators answered by parents/guardians. Children were questioned about whether they had trouble sleeping due to dental problems and about previous history of toothache. Clinical oral examinations were performed to evaluate dental caries - Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT/dmft index) and its clinical consequences [PUFA/pufa index: considering the presence of pulpal involvement (P/p); ulceration of tissues due to tooth fragments from decayed crowns (U/u); fistula (F/f); and abscesses (A/a), and traumatic dental injuries (TDI)]. We conducted a descriptive analysis and used adjusted logistic regression models (p<0.05; 95%CI). Results: The prevalence of trouble sleeping due to dental problems was 28%. Children with untreated dental caries (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.05-1.67) and clinical consequences from the PUFA/pufa index (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.45-2.46) had higher chances of reporting trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of the children declared having trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences were associated with self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems in schoolchildren.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de problemas para dormir por motivos dentários autorrelatado e sua associação com condições orais adversas em escolares. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 1589 escolares de 8 a 10 anos matriculados em escolas públicas de Florianópolis, Brasil. Os dados não clínicos incluíram um questionário sobre indicadores socioeconômicos respondidos pelos pais/cuidadores. As crianças foram questionadas se tinham problemas para dormir por motivos dentários e sobre episódios anteriores de dor de dente. Foram realizados exames clínicos orais para avaliar: cárie dentária - Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (índice CPO-D/ceo-d) - e suas consequências clínicas (índice PUFA/pufa - presença de envolvimento pulpar (P/p); ulceração (U/u); fístula (F/f); e abscessos (A/a) e traumatismo dental (TD). Foram realizados análise descritiva e modelos ajustados de regressão logística (p<0,05; IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de problemas para dormir por motivos dentários foi de 28%. Crianças com cárie dentária não tratada (OR 1,32; IC95% 1,05-1,67) e presença de índice PUFA/pufa (OR 1,89; IC95% 1,45-2,46) apresentaram maiores chances de relatar problemas para dormir devido a razões dentárias. Conclusões: Aproximadamente, um terço das crianças apresentou problemas para dormir devido a razões dentárias. Cárie dentária não tratada e suas consequências clínicas foram associadas a problemas autorrelatados para dormir por motivos dentários em escolares.

Fatores relacionados à cárie dentária em escolares de 15-19 anos de Manaus, Amazonas: um estudo transversal / Associated factors of tooth decay in 15-19-year-old students of Manaus, Amazonas: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de cárie dentária e fatores relacionados em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de uma escola pública de Manaus-AM. Métodos: O delineamento do estudo foi do tipo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 103 escolares. Para avaliar a cárie dentária foram realizados exames clínicos utilizando o Índice CPO-D (cariados, perdidos, obturados por dente) para avaliar presença de cárie dentária em ficha individual. Também foram aplicados dois questionários referentes aos hábitos de higiene bucal e à percepção da presença de dor dentária nos últimos seis meses e impacto das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária. O Índice Significant Caries Index (SIC) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença da doença cárie dentária em um terço da população com maior CPO-D. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os programas Microsoft Excel®e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), adotando o nível de significância de 0,05. Para verificar a hipótese de associação entre variáveis foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: A média do índice CPO-D encontrada foi de 1,2 considerada baixa; sendo o componente cariado (C) o responsável pela maior parte do Índice CPO-D. O Índice SIC foi de 4,4 evidenciando que um terço da amostra apresentava Índice CPO muito superior à média encontrada, mostrando desigualdade na distribuição da doença no grupo estudado. A frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia foi relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes (57,3%). No entanto, sobre a frequência de consulta dos adolescentes ao cirurgião-dentista, constatou-se que 48,6% dos estudantes nunca procuraram atendimento. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e irritabilidade causada pelos dentes (p = 0,011) e dificuldade para falar (p = 0,007). Conclusão: Este estudo apontou baixa experiência de cárie dentária, sendo a frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e as questões sobre incômodo ao escovar os dentes e dificuldade para falar.

Aim:To evaluate the experience of tooth decay and its associated factors in teenagers ranging from 15 to 19 years of age in a public high school in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, whose sample amount was a total of 103 students. To evaluate tooth decay, clinical exams were performed using the DMF-T index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) to assess the presence of tooth decay (DMF-T) on an individual data record. Two questionnaires were applied regarding oral hygiene habits, perception of the presence of dental pain in the last six months, and impact of oral health conditions on daily life. The Significant Caries Index (SIC Index) was used to assess the presence of tooth decay disease in one third of the population with the highest DMF-T. For data analysis, the Microsoft Excel® and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programs were used, adopting a significance level of 0.05. Pearson's chi-square test was used to verify the hypothesis of association between variables. Results:The DMF-T index was 1.2, which is considered low, while the carious component (C) was the most prevalent of the DMF-T Index. The SIC Index was 4.4, showing that one third of the sample had a DMF-T Index that was much higher than the average, revealing an unequal distribution of the disease within the studied group. The frequency of brushing teeth 3 times a day was reported by most teenagers (57.3%). However, regarding the frequency of visits to the dentist, it was found that 48.6% of the students had never sought out dental care. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of tooth decay and questions about irritability caused by teeth (p = 0.011) and difficulty in speaking (p = 0.007). Conclusion:This study showed a low experience of tooth decay, with the frequency of brushing 3 times a day reported by most adolescents. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of tooth decay and difficulty in speaking.

Odontogenic Infection and dental Pain negatively impact Schoolchildrens Quality of Life / Infecção odontogênica e odontalgia impactam negativamente a qualidade de vida de crianças escolares

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of odontogenic infection in lowincome Brazilian schoolchildren and evaluate its association with the subjective variables of oral healthrelated quality of life and dental pain. In this crosssectional study, 230 schoolchildren aged eight to ten years old underwent a clinical oral survey in which the DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa indexes were measured. Afterward, children responded individually to the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ810) and selfreports of dental pain were collected. Data were statistically analyzed using MannWhitney or KruskalWallis test with a posttest by Dunn's and Pearson correlation. Of the children evaluated, 42.6% had odontogenic infection and 80% reported experiencing dental pain. Children's age (p = 0.034) and past experience of dental pain (p < 0.002) were associated with odontogenic sepsis, in addition to impairment of their emotional wellbeing (p = 0.008), social welfare (p = 0.009) and overall impact on quality of life (p = 0.019). Toothache intensity (p < 0.001), frequency (p < 0.001) and duration (p < 0.001) were correlated to the overall impact on children's quality of life. The prevalence of odontogenic infection remains high among lowincome Brazilian schoolchildren. Pediatric infection and its related pain induce not only various biological disorders but also impair children's selfperception of quality of life.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de infecção odontogênica em crianças escolares brasileiras de baixa renda e analisar a sua associação com as variáveis subjetivas da autopercepção de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e dor dentária. Neste estudo transversal, 230 crianças escolares com 8 a 10 anos de idade realizaram exame clínico bucal no qual os índices CPOD/ ceod e PUFA/pufa foram mensurados. Com isso, as crianças responderam individualmente ao Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ810) e relatos de dor dentária foram coletados. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados utilizandose o teste MannWhitney ou KruskalWallis, com posterior teste da correlação de Dunn e Pearson. Dentre as crianças examinadas, 42,6% apresentavam infecção odontogênica e 80% reportou experiência de dor dentária. A idade (p=0,034) e experiência de dor dentária (p<0,002) das crianças foram associadas à infecção odontogênica, bem como o seu bemestar emocional (p=0,008) e social (p=0,009) e impacto geral na qualidade de vida (p=0,019). Além disso, a intensidade (p<0,001), frequência (p<0,001) e duração (p<0,001) da odontalgia foram correlacionadas com o impacto geral na qualidade de vida da criança. A prevalência de infecção odontogênica permanece elevada em crianças escolares brasileiras. Infecção pediátrica e sua dor relacionada induzem não apenas diversas desordens biológicas, mas também afetam negativamente a autopercepção de qualidade de vida das crianças.

Dor de dentes e fatores associados entre adolescentes de um município de grande porte populacional no Nordeste brasileiro / Tooth pain and associated factors among adolescents of a large population municipality in Northeastern Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o histórico de dor de dente e seus fatores associados, entre adolescentes de escolas públicas de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, quantitativa e transversal, através da aplicação de quatro questionários junto a 458 adolescentes. Pela análise bivariada, a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi alta entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,004), que visitaram o Cirurgião-Dentista alguma vez (74,8%; p = 0,001) e que relataram medo frente ao atendimento odontológico (74,9%; p = 0,006). Todavia, nos últimos 6 meses, a prevalência de dor de dente foi baixa, na qual os adolescentes do sexo masculino (77,4%; p < 0,001) e de maior idade (73,1%; p = 0,031) relataram justamente não terem sentido dor. Quando da análise multivariada, a maior prevalência de dor de dente na vida se manteve entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,003) e que relataram medo (74,9%; p = 0,006). A prevalência de dor de dente nos últimos 6 meses se manteve baixa na análise multivariada, entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino e de maior idade. Conclui-se que a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi maior do que nos últimos 6 meses, havendo associação significativa com os fatores: sexo, idade, visita ao Cirurgião-Dentista e sensação de medo.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe and analyze history of toothache and associated factors among adolescent students enrolled in public schools of a city in Northeastern Brazil. An observational, descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted through the application of 4 questionnaires with 458 adolescents. By bivariate analysis, the prevalence of toothache in life was higher among younger adolescents (76.9%; p = 0.004), who have visited the dentist at least once (74.8%; p = 0.001) and who reported fear (74.9%; p = 0.006). The occurrence of dental pain in the last 6 months was low, where male (77.4%; p = 0,001) and older adolescents (73.1%; p = 0.031) reported no occurrence of pain. Through multivariate analysis, the highest prevalence of dental pain in life remained among younger adolescents (76.9%; p = 0.003) and who reported dental fear (74.9%; p = 0.006). The prevalence of toothache in the last 6 months remained low through multivariate analysis, among male and older adolescents. It could be concluded that the prevalence of toothache in life was higher than in the last 6 months, showing significant association with gender, age, visit to the dentist and dental fear.

Prevalência e fatores associados a dor dentária - estudo de base populacional com adultos e idosos do sul do Brasil / Prevalence and factors associated with tooth pain - a population-based study with adults and elderly from southern Brazil

Introdução: A dor dentária, ou odontalgia, é definida como uma dor de origem orofacial, que ocorre como consequência dos problemas que afetam os dentes e as estruturas de suporte. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à dor dentária em indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais de idade, no município de Rio Grande-RS, ao sul do Brasil. Material e método: Estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram entrevistados, no domicílio, 1.099 indivíduos, por meio de um questionário com questões fechadas. Foram obtidas informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e relativas a hábitos e comportamentos de saúde geral e bucal. O relato de dor dentária nos seis meses anteriores ao inquérito foi o desfecho do estudo. As análises foram baseadas em regressão de Poisson. Resultado: A prevalência de dor dentária foi de 18,0% (IC95% 15,6; 20,4). Ao se analisar por faixa etária, a prevalência de dor dentária foi de 23,9% (IC95% 20,3; 27,4), 14,0% (IC95% 10,6; 17,5) e 10,4% (IC95% 5,8; 15,0), considerando a população adulta de 20 a 39 anos e de 40 a 59 anos, e a população idosa, acima de 60 anos, respectivamente. Maiores prevalências de dor origem dentária foram em indivíduos solteiros (RP=1,50; IC95% 1,11; 2,03), com menor escolaridade (menos de oito anos de estudo) (RP=1,62; IC95% 1,16; 2,27) e com o hábito de ranger os dentes (RP=1,67; IC95% 1,18; 2,38). Já os idosos apresentaram menores prevalências de dor origem dentária, quando comparados aos indivíduos adultos (RP=0,50; IC95% 0,32; 0,80). Conclusão: Maior atenção deve ser dada aos solteiros, menos escolarizados, que rangem os dentes, e aos adultos jovens.

Introduction: Dental pain, or toothache, is defined as pain of orofacial origin, which occurs as a consequence of problems that affect teeth and support structures. Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors associated with dental pain in individuals aged 18 years or older in the city of Rio Grande, RS, in the south of Brazil. Material and method: Cross-sectional population-based study. 1,099 individuals were interviewed at home using a questionnaire with closed questions. Demographic, socioeconomic, general and oral health habits and behaviors were obtained. The report of dental pain in the 6 months prior to the survey was the study's outcome. The analyzes were based on Poisson regression. Result: The prevalence of dental pain was 18.0% (95% CI 15.6; 20.4). When analyzing by age group, the prevalence of dental pain was 23.9% (95% CI 20.3; 27.4), 14.0% (95% CI 10.6; 17.5) and 10.4% (95% CI 5.8; 15.0), considering the adult population aged 20 to 39 years old, 40 to 59 years old and elderly, respectively. The highest prevalence of dental pain was for single individuals (PR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.11; 2.03), with less education (less than 8 years of study) (PR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.16; 2.27) and with the habit of grinding the teeth (PR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.18; 2.38). The elderly, on the other hand, had lower prevalence of dental pain when compared to adult individuals (PR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.32; 0.80). Conclusion: Greater attention should be given to single, less educated, who grind their teeth and young adults.

Access to oral healthcare services of adolescents of a large-size municipality in northeastern Brazil

Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate access to oral health services among adolescents enrolled in public schools of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, a large-size municipality in the Northeast of Brazil. An observational, descriptive, analytical, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was carried out through a school survey, in which four validated questionnaires were applied to 438 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Data were processed using the SPSS statistical software version 20.0, with bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis through Poisson regression. About 90.9% of adolescents reported having visited the dentist at least once; however, when considering the last 6 months, this percentage fell to 48.4%. Adolescents used private services (50.2%) or the public service (49.8%). About 70.6% of interviewees reported dental treatment (61.1%) as the main reason for seeking the service. Through multivariate analysis, it was observed that the demand for the service was higher among female adolescents (60.5%, p <0.001); the other variables did not present statistically significant differences. In conclusion, the access to oral healthcare services reported by adolescents was good, but there is still a considerable part of this population with no access. Variables that presented significant associated with dental services were gender and toothache history, but only gender remained significant in the multivariate model.

Factors associated with toothache among Brazilian adults: a multilevel analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with toothache in the adult population of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individual data from a population sample (age 35 to 44 years) were collected from a secondary database of the SB Minas survey. Sampling was carried out by clusters and with multiple drawing stages. The eligibility criteria were to reside in areas chosen for the research, be within the age group, and accept to participate in the research. The individual variables assessed by a questionnaire and dental exams were sex, income, race/skin color, root caries, periodontal condition, need for dental treatment, and last dental appointment. The contextual variables, assessed by municipal indexes, were Human Development Index (HDI), illiteracy, unemployment, half minimum wage, quarter minimum wage, oral health team coverage, access to individual health care, and supervised tooth brushing average. The dependent variable was toothache in the past six months. A descriptive analysis was made using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling Software was used to perform the multilevel analyses for individual and contextual levels. An association was found between toothache and low income (OR = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.32-3.13), dental caries (OR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.22-2.86), periodontal condition, and living on a quarter of the minimum wage or less (OR = 1.03; 95%CI = 1.00-1.08). Clinical and social factors were associated with toothache, reinforcing the need to improve public polices in oral health focused on the adult population.

Dor dentária em usuários de Substâncias Psicoativas dos CAPS AD de Vitória, Vila Velha e Serra, ES, Brasil / Dental pain among psychoactive substance users in CAPS AD in Vitoria, Vila Velha and Serra, ES, Brazil

Resumo A dor dentária é um problema de saúde pública que causa grande incômodo aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas. Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência de dor dentária e suas associações em usuários de substâncias psicoativas dos CAPS AD dos municípios de Vitória, Vila Velha e Serra, ES, Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi realizado com 280 participantes, entre junho de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016, por meio de cinco roteiros, um para os dados sociodemográficos e percepção de saúde, outro para saúde bucal, o Oral Health Impact Profile, o Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test e o World Health Organization Quality of Life. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas de frequência, analisados com o pacote estatístico SPSS 20, as comparações foram feitas com o teste de Fisher e Odds Ratio (OR) foi utilizado para verificar a força da associação entre as variáveis. A prevalência de dor na população estudada foi de 59,3% e os indivíduos que apresentaram impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida, tiveram 2,2 vezes mais chances de relatar dor de dente nos últimos 6 meses. A população estudada apresentou alta prevalência de dor dentária, o estudo aponta que a dor dentária interfere na qualidade de vida dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas que utilizam os serviços dos CAPS AD dos três municípios.

Abstract Toothache is a public health problem that causes great inconvenience to psychoactive substances users. The objective was to verify the prevalence of dental pain and its associations among psychoactive substances users from Alcohol and Drug Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS AD) in Vitoria, Vila Velha and Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil. A transversal study was conducted with 280 participants between June 2015 and February 2016, using five scripts: one for socio-demographic data and health perception; another for oral health; the Oral Health Impact Profile; the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Test. Data were organized in frequency tables and analyzed with the SPSS 20 statistical package. Comparisons were made with Fisher's test and the Odds Ratio (OR) was used to check the strength of the association between the variables. The prevalence of pain in the population studied was 59.3%, and individuals whose quality of life was impacted due to their oral conditions were 2.2 times more likely to report toothache in the last 6 months. The population studied showed a high prevalence of dental pain and the study indicates that dental pain interferes in the quality of life of psychoactive substances users who are treated at CAPS AD services in these three cities.

Saúde bucal de adolescentes em área com e sem cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família com Equipe de Saúde Bucal em Manaus-AM / Oral health of adolescents living in areas of the city of Manaus covered or not covered by an oral health team in Family Health Strategy

Este estudo objetivou verificar se a saúde bucal, por meio dos índices de cárie, prevalência de dor de dente e os escores de autopercepção em saúde bucal, diferia em áreas com e sem Estratégia Saúde da Família com Equipe de Saúde Bucal (ESFSB). Realizou-se inquérito de saúde bucal em 1.205 adolescentes em cinco escolas urbanas da cidade de Manaus, Brasil. Os adolescentes foram divididos em dois grupos: os de escolas localizadas na zona leste da cidade, que têm cobertura da ESFSB há pelo menos oito anos (n = 616) e os de escolas localizadas na zona norte da cidade, que não têm a cobertura da ESFSB (n = 589). Todos os pais e adolescentes assinaram o termo de consentimento e de assentimento livre e esclarecido, respectivamente, e o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Os pais também preencheram um questionário sobre características socioeconômicas. Os adolescentes foram examinados nas escolas por um único examinador previamente treinado e calibrado (kappa = 0,97). Obtiveram-se a média, desvio padrão, mediana, prevalências e intervalos de confiança. Os dados foram analisados no software R, obtendo-se os seguintes resultados: em ambos os grupos, as características socioeconômicas foram equilibradas; a idade média foi de 12,3 anos (DP = 1,1); 56% eram meninas; o número médio de pessoas por domicílio foi de 4,4 (DP = 0,8); 79% viviam em área com água fluoretada e metade das mães tinha ensino fundamental completo ou incompleto. Em ambos os grupos, 67% dos adolescentes já tiveram cárie dental e a média do número de dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados foi 1,98 (DP = 2,11). Para os grupos cobertos e não cobertos pela ESFSB, a média de cárie dentária não tratada, dentes perdidos e dentes restaurados foi, respectivamente 1,1 (DP=1,8), 0,5 (DP=1,0), 0,5 (1,1) e 1,1 (DP=1,3), 0,4 (0,9), 0,4 (DP=1,0). A prevalência de dor dentária nos últimos três meses foi de 35% (IC95% 31-39) para aqueles que vivem em áreas com e 31% (IC95% 28-35) sem ESFSB. O escore do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) variou de 7,7 (DP = 4,9) e 7,4 (DP = 4,7) naqueles com e sem ESFSB. Concluiu-se que, sob estas condições, não houve diferença em relação aos níveis de cárie dentária, à prevalência de dor de dente e à autopercepção de saúde bucal em adolescentes residentes em áreas da cidade de Manaus cobertas ou não pela Estratégia Saúde da Família com equipe de saúde bucal

This study aimed to verify whether oral health, through caries indexes, prevalence of toothache and self-perception scores, differed in areas with and without the Family Health Strategy with oral health care (ESFSB). An oral health survey was conducted on 1,205 adolescents in five urban schools in the city of Manaus, Brazil. The adolescents were divided into two groups: schools located in the eastern zone of the city, which had ESFSB coverage for at least eight years (n = 616) and schools located in the northern part of the city that do not have the ESFSB (n = 589). All parents and adolescents signed the consent form and the free and informed consent, respectively, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Parents also completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic characteristics. The adolescents were examined in the schools by a single examiner previously trained and calibrated (kappa = 0.97). The mean, standard deviation, median, prevalence and confidence intervals were obtained. Data were analyzed in software R, and the following results were obtained: socioeconomic characteristics were balanced in both groups; the mean age was 12.3 years (SD = 1.1); 56% were girls, the mean number of people per household was 4.4 (SD = 0.8); 79% lived in an area with fluoridated water and half of the mothers had complete or incomplete elementary education. In both groups, 67% of the adolescents had dental caries and the mean number of decayed, missing or filled teeth was 2 (SD = 2). For the groups covered and not covered by the ESFSB, the prevalence of untreated dental caries, lost teeth and restored teeth was respectively 1,1 (DP=1,8), 0.5 (DP=1.0), 0.5 (1.1) and 1.1 (DP=1.3), 0.4 (0.9), 0.4 (DP=1.0). The prevalence of dental pain in the last three months was 35% (95% CI 31-39) for those living in areas with and 31% (CI95% 28-35) without ESFSB. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire score (CPQ11-14) ranged from 7.7 (SD = 4.9) and 7.4 (SD = 4.7) in those with and without ESFSB. It was concluded that there was no difference in dental caries levels, prevalence of toothache and self-perception of oral health in adolescents living in areas of the city of Manaus covered or not by the Family Health Strategy with and oral health team

Toothache and non-clinical individual and school factors in five-year-old children: multilevel analysis

Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual factors on the occurrence of toothache in five-year-old children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 756 five-year-old children from public and private preschools in a city in the countryside of the northeast of Brazil. The sample was determined through probabilistic sampling in two stages (preschools and children). The children included could not have systematic diseases, permanent tooth or orthodontic treatment. Parents/caregivers were required to spend at least 12 hours per day with their children. The history of toothache during the life of the child was reported by parents/guardians. Socioeconomic and psychological questionnaires were completed by parents/guardians. Variables related to social context were obtained from the preschools in which the children studied and the official publications of the municipal region. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models were used to investigate the association between individual and contextual characteristics and history of toothache. The history of toothache was found for 23.8% of the children. Among the individual determinants, gender of the child, order of birth, and schooling of parent/guardian were associated with toothache in children. The individual variables remained associated with the outcome after the addition of the contextual variables to the model. The type of preschool was the contextual determinant associated with toothache in the final model. Both individual (gender, order of birth and schooling of parents/guardians) and contextual (type of preschool) determinants were associated with history of toothache in five-year-old children.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de fatores individuais e contextuais na ocorrência de dor de dente em crianças de cinco anos de idade. Um estudo transversal foi realizado com 756 crianças de cinco anos de idade de pré-escolas públicas e privadas em uma cidade no interior do Nordeste do Brasil. A seleção da amostra foi realizada por meio de amostragem probabilística em duas etapas (pré-escolas e crianças). As crianças incluídas não poderiam ter doenças sistêmicas, dentes permanentes ou tratamento ortodôntico. Foram incluídos apenas pais/responsáveis que passavam pelo menos 12 horas por dia com seus filhos. O histórico de dor de dente durante a vida da criança foi relatado pelos pais/responsáveis. Os questionários socioeconômicos e psicológicos foram preenchidos pelos pais/responsáveis. As variáveis relacionadas ao contexto social foram obtidas na pré-escola em que as crianças estudaram e nas publicações oficiais da região municipal. Os modelos de regressão de Poisson multinível não ajustados e ajustados foram utilizados para investigar a associação entre características individuais e contextuais e histórico de dor de dente. O histórico de dor de dente foi encontrado em 23,8% das crianças. Entre os determinantes individuais, gênero da criança, ordem de nascimento e escolaridade dos pais/responsáveis ​​foram associados com dor de dente em crianças. As variáveis ​​individuais permaneceram associadas ao resultado após a adição das variáveis ​​contextuais ao modelo. O tipo de pré-escola foi o determinante contextual associado ao histórico de dor de dente no modelo final. Tanto o indivíduo (gênero, ordem de nascimento e escolaridade dos pais/responsáveis) quanto os determinantes contextuais (tipo de pré-escolar) foram associados com o histórico de dor de dente em crianças de cinco anos de idade.

Associação das condições normativas e subjetivas de saúde bucal com a insatisfação com os serviços odontológicos entre adultos brasileiros / The association between normative and subjective oral health conditions and dissatisfaction with dental services among adult Brazilians

Resumo Avaliou-se a prevalência da insatisfação com os serviços odontológicos e sua associação com condições normativas e subjetivas de saúde bucal entre adultos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que utilizou dados do inquérito nacional de saúde bucal (SB Brasil) realizado em 2010. Considerou-se uma amostra representativa da população adulta brasileira. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas, bivariadas e múltiplas (OR/IC 95%) com correção pelo efeito desenho. Dentre os 4.539 adultos incluídos, 614 (13,4%) relataram a insatisfação com os serviços odontológicos utilizados. A insatisfação foi maior entre aqueles que apresentavam algum dente cariado (1,61/1,06 ; 2,44), que estavam insatisfeitos com seus dentes e boca (2,36/1,39 ; 4,02) e que haviam relatado dor de dente nos últimos 6 meses (1,99/1,29 ; 3,07). Conclui-se que a prevalência da insatisfação com os serviços odontológicos entre adultos brasileiros foi baixa e esteve associada a condições normativas e subjetivas de saúde bucal.

Abstract The prevalence of dissatisfaction with dental services and its association with normative and subjective oral health conditions among adult Brazilians was evaluated. This cross-sectional study used data from the last Brazilian National Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil), conducted in 2010. It was considered a representative sample of the adult Brazilian population. Data were analyzed by descriptive, univariate and multiple statistics (OR / 95% CI), with correction by the design effect. Among the 4539 adults included in the study, 614 (13.4%) reported dissatisfaction with dental services. Dissatisfaction was higher among adults who had any decayed teeth (1.61 / 1.06; 2.44), adults who were dissatisfied with their teeth and mouth (2.36 / 1.39; 4.02) and adults who had reported toothache in the previous six months (1.99 / 1.29, 3.07). The conclusion drawn was that the prevalence of dissatisfaction with dental services among Brazilian adults was low and associated to normative and subjective oral health conditions.

Fatores associados à prevalência e intensidade de odontalgia em crianças de municípios da região de campinas, são paulo / Factors associated with the prevalence and intensity of dental pain in children in the municipalities of the campinas region, são paulo

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e a intensidade de odontalgia em crianças segundo porte populacional do município, fatores associados e absenteísmo. Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de crianças de 12 anos provenientes de escolas públicas e privadas, sorteadas em oito cidades da região de Campinas (SP). Foi aplicado um questionário com dados de odontalgia, demográficos, socioeconômicos bem como foi realizado exame clínico para avaliar a experiência de cárie. Ter dor foi o desfecho para análise de regressão logística e a intensidade da dor para a regressão log-binomial negativa. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 1.233 crianças, sendo que 16,7% relataram dor nos últimos seis meses. A odontalgia foi causa de 46,4% do absenteísmo escolar nesse período. A prevalência de dor foi menor entre os de alta renda familiar (p=0,023) e maior entre não brancos (p=0,027). A intensidade da dor foi menor nos municípios de médio (p=0,02) e pequeno porte (p=0,004) e maior nas crianças cujos pais tinham menor nível de escolaridade (p=0,003), que procuraram o dentista por dor (p=0,04) e que apresentavam cárie não tratada (p=0,04). Conclusões: A prevalência e a intensidade da dor de dente em crianças de 12 anos estão relacionadas com aspectos socioeconômicos da família, como baixa renda e menor escolaridade dos pais, e causam impacto na atividade diária por meio do absenteísmo escolar. A intensidade foi menor em municípios de médio e pequeno porte. Estratégias de promoção de saúde bucal nessa faixa etária devem ser estimuladas para evitar a odontalgia.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and intensity of dental pain in children according to size of municipality, associated factors and absenteeism. Methods: The sample consisted of children aged 12 years old from public and private schools drawn from eight cities in the region of Campinas (SP). A questionnaire was applied to obtain dental pain, demographic, socioeconomic data, and a clinical examination was carried out to evaluate the experience of having a cavity. The outcome for the logistic regression analysis was having pain and the outcome for the negative log-binomial regression was the intensity of pain. The significance level was 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 1,233 children, and 16.7% reported pain in the last six months. Dental pain was the cause of 46.4% of school absenteeism during this period. The prevalence of pain was lower among households with high income (p=0.023) and higher among nonwhites (p=0.027). Pain intensity was lower in medium-sized cities (p=0.02) and small cities (p=0.004), and higher in children whose parents had a lower educational level (p=0.003), children who sought out a dentist for the pain (p=0.04) and who had untreated cavities (p=0.04). Conclusions: The prevalence and intensity of dental pain in children aged under 12 are related to socioeconomic aspects of the family, such as low-income and parents with a low level of education, which impact daily activities as seen through school absenteeism. Pain intensity was lower in medium and small cities. Oral health promotion strategies in this age group should be encouraged to avoid dental pain.

Condição de saúde bucal e motivos para extração dentária entre uma população de adultos (20-64 anos) / Oral health condition and reasons for tooth extraction among an adult population (20-64 years old)

Resumo O presente estudo caracterizou a condição de saúde bucal e os principais motivos autorrelatados da extração dentária em uma população de adultos. Estudo transversal que examinou 248 adultos de 20-64 anos, representativos da população de Piracicaba (SP). O exame bucal domiciliar utilizou os índices CPOD, CPI, uso e necessidade de prótese dentária segundo critérios da OMS e presença de biofilme visível. Foram coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e motivos da extração dentária por meio de questionário. A análise descritiva foi estratificada pela idade em 20-44 e 45-64 anos. O CPOD médio foi 20,37, P = 3,34 nos adultos jovens e P = 13,41 nos mais velhos. Bolsa periodontal (CPI ≥ 3) foi encontrada em 20,5% dos adultos jovens e 53,0% dos mais velhos. Enquanto 38,8% usavam prótese superior, 46,7% necessitavam de prótese inferior. A dor foi o motivo autorrelatado mais prevalente para realização da extração dentária, sendo esta escolha principalmente pela falta de outra opção de tratamento e no serviço privado. Conclui-se que os adultos jovens (20-44 anos) apresentaram menos dentes perdidos e doença periodontal, uso e necessidade de prótese. Dor e falta de opção de outros tratamentos foram os principais motivos autorrelatados para realização das extrações dentárias.

Abstract The study characterized the oral health condition and main self-reported reasons for tooth extraction in an adult population. The cross-sectional study examined 248 adults aged 20-64 years, representative of the population of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The oral examination conducted in households used the DMFT and CPI indexes, use and necessity of prosthodontics according to the WHO criteria and the presence of visible biofilm. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected along with reasons for tooth extraction through a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was stratified by age in groups: 20-44 and 45-64 years old. The average DMFT was 20.37 (EP = 0.50), P = 3.34 (EP = 0.33) for young adults and P = 13.41 (EP = 1.45) for the older adults. Gingival pockets (CPI ≥ 3) were found on 20.5% of young adults and 53.0% of the older ones. While 38.8% used upper prosthesis, 46.7% needed lower prosthesis. Pain was the most prevalent self-reported reason for tooth extraction (37.5%), being this choice primarily because of lack of another treatment option (52%) and done in the private sector (47.2%). We concluded that young adults (20-44 years old) showed less missing teeth, periodontal diseases, and need for prosthetic use. Pain and lack of options of other treatments were the main self-reported reasons for performing tooth extractions.

Dental pain and associated factors in Brazilian preschoolers / Dor dentária e fatores associados em pré-escolares brasileiros

Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of dental pain in Brazilian preschoolers, as well as its associated factors, considering a representative sample of that population group in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study that used the analytical data from national oral health survey (SB Brazil) carried out in 2010. A representative sample of Brazilian preschoolers aged 5 years was considered. Interviews were carried out (answered by parents/tutors), as well as clinical examinations in children. Descriptive, bivariate and mutiple analyzes were performed, described in odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (OR/95%CI). Results: 7280 preschoolers were included. Of these, 1520 (21.1%) had dental pain in the last 6 months. The chance of the occurrence of dental pain was higher among those who used dental services (1.51/1.02–2.23), with tooth decay (3.08/2.08–4.56), that self-perceveid the need for dental treatment (3.96/2.48–6.34), whose parents reported dissatisfaction by children with their teeth and mouth (1.47/1.04–2.10) and those who reported impact of oral problems on quality of life (5.76/3.90–8.49). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental pain among Brazilian preschool children was relatively high, being associated with the use of dental services and the normative and subjective oral health status.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência da dor dentária em pré-escolares brasileiros, assim como seus fatores associados, considerando uma amostra representativa desse contingente populacional no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, analítico, que usou os dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SB Brasil) feito em 2010. Considerou-se uma amostra representativa de pré-escolares com 5 anos. Foram feitas entrevistas (respondidas pelos responsáveis) e exames clínicos nas crianças. Conduziram-se análises descritivas, bivariadas e múltiplas, descritas em odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% (OR/IC95%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 7.280 pré-escolares. Desses, 1.520 (21,1%) tiveram dor dentária nos últimos 6 meses. A chance da ocorrência de dor dentária foi maior entre aqueles que usaram serviços odontológicos (1,51/1,02-2,23), com cárie dentária (3,08/2,08-4,56), perceberam a necessidade de tratamento odontológico (3,96/2,48-6,34), os que os pais relatavam insatisfação por parte das crianças com seus dentes e sua boca (1,47/1,04-2,10) e os que relataram impacto dos problemas bucais na qualidade de vida (5,76/3,90-8,49). Conclusões: A prevalência da dor dentária entre pré-escolares brasileiros foi relativamente alta e associada ao uso de serviços odontológicos e às condições normativas e subjetivas de saúde bucal.

Dental pain, use of dental services and oral health-related quality of life in southern Brazil

Abstract This study aimed at assessing the relationship between dental pain and the reason for using dental services and oral health quality of life in people aged 50 to 74 years in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 720 individuals aged 50 to 74 years, living in three health districts in the city of Porto Alegre. Dental impacts on daily life and sociodemographic data were assessed using structured interviews. The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance - OIDP instrument was used to measure oral impacts. The information was analyzed by Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment, taking into account cluster sampling. Dental pain was present in 32.5% of those reporting an oral impact on their daily activities. Dental pain most frequently affected talking (37.6%), cleaning teeth and gums (37.0%) and enjoying the companionship of people (36.5%). After adjustments to the multivariate analysis, the reason for dental visits due to dental pain was found to have a high impact on daily activities [RP 1.68 (1.11 - 2.54].

Dental pain and associated factors in 2 to 4-year-old children in Goiânia / Dor dentária e fatores associados em crianças de 2 a 4 anos de idade de Goiânia

To investigate the prevalence of dental pain and associated factors in 2-4-year-old children in Goiânia (GO).

Conhecer a prevalência de dor dentária e os fatores associados em crianças de dois a quatro anos de idade em Goiânia (GO).

Reasons related to tooth loss among adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil

AIM: To estimate tooth loss prevalence among adolescents in São Paulo, considering socioeconomic and demographic factors, dental service use and pain. METHODS: Data were obtained from the São Paulo Oral Health Survey 2008. The sample comprised 2858 adolescents from 15 to 19 years old from public and private schools, who underwent through an oral examination. In addition, a questionnaire was applied regarding the characterization of factors related to socioeconomics, demographics, use of dental services and pain in the last six months. At least one tooth lost was the outcome. The independent variables included gender, ethnicity, parents' schooling, type of school, number of rooms, people and cars per home, family income, dental service use, decayed teeth, toothache. A multivariate logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of tooth loss was 7%. The independent variables decayed tooth (RP=1.71), toothache (RP=2.04), father's schooling - elementary (RP=1.40) and per capita family income - less than 1/2 a minimum salary (RP=1.45) were associated with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that socioeconomic factors may contribute to the increase of early tooth loss among adolescents.